进藏人员对高原干燥环境的适应性反应特征研究
Adaptive response characteristics of people entering Tibet to plateau dry environment
摘要：
青藏高原空气稀薄干燥,准确描述人体对高原干燥环境的反应是保障进藏人员舒适与健康的重要基础。本文分析了人体症状学干燥度表征指标,比较了进藏人员在冬、夏两季的适应性干燥反应特征。结果表明:人体各部位对高原干燥环境的敏感度不同,唇部、鼻腔、喉部、皮肤和眼睛对相对湿度的敏感度依次降低;皮肤表面相对湿度受空气相对湿度和适应水平的综合影响,人体在进藏1周左右对干燥环境形成适应,过程中皮肤表面相对湿度每日增加约3%;适应后,室内温度保持不变,室内相对湿度每增加10%,人体皮肤表面相对湿度在夏季和冬季分别增加8%和6%;高原地区空气相对湿度增加导致人体热感觉升高,并对人体热舒适度产生显著影响。
Abstract：
The air on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thin and dry. The human body reacts to the dry environment of the plateau in a certain way, and understanding this response is crucial for assuring the comfort and health of people entering Tibet. In this paper, the human symptomatology dryness characterization index is analysed, and the adaptive dryness response traits of people entering Tibet during the winter and summer are compared. The results show that the sensitivity of different body parts to the dry plateau environment varies, and the sensitivity of the lips, nasal cavity, throat, skin and eyes to relative humidity diminishes in that order. The relative humidity of the skin surface is affected by the air relative humidity and the level of adaptation. The human body adapts to the dry environment about a week after entering Tibet, and the relative humidity of the skin surface increases by about 3% per day. After adaptation, the indoor temperature remains constant, and for every 10% increase in indoor relative humidity, the relative humidity of the human skin surface increases by 8% and 6% in summer and winter, respectively. The increase of air relative humidity in plateau areas leads to an increase in human thermal sensation and has a significant impact on human thermal comfort.
Keywords:high altitude area; dry response; people entering Tibet; adaptation; humidity comfort; thermal sensation