严寒地区被动式办公建筑冬季室内环境研究
Research on winter indoor environment of a passive office building in severe cold zone
摘要：
对严寒地区代表性城市——哈尔滨市中德生态科技小镇某被动式办公建筑冬季室内热湿环境和空气品质进行了现场测试。结果表明：各层房间的平均空气温度为23.0 ℃，满足标准要求；平均相对湿度为21.3%，低于标准下限值；室内3种污染物（PM2.5、CO2、甲醛）浓度在大部分时间均符合相关标准的规定；采用G4中效过滤器+H11亚高效过滤器的组合能够满足雾霾天的新风过滤的要求，部分时间外门开启会导致室内PM2.5浓度超标，建议随时关闭外门；各层房间人员活动区的竖直温度分布较为均匀，最大头脚温差为0.2 ℃，满足热舒适标准要求。由于1层电热膜设定温度较高，导致室温偏高，建议适当降温；阳面房间室温高于阴面房间，建议在太阳辐射较强的时间段内，降低阳面房间的设定温度，营造节能、舒适、健康的室内环境。
Abstract：
In this paper, the winter indoor thermal and humidity environment and air quality of a passive house at Sino-German ecological technology town in Harbin, a representative city in the severe cold zone, are tested. The results show that the average indoor temperature on each floor is 23.0 ℃, which meets the requirements of the standard. The average relative humidity is 21.3%, which is lower than the lower limit of standard. The concentrations of three indoor pollutants (PM2.5, CO2 and formaldehyde) can meet the provisions of relevant standards during most of time. The combination of G4 medium efficiency filter and H11 sub-high efficiency filter can meet the requirements of outdoor air filtration in haze days, and when the outer door is opened at some times, the indoor PM2.5 concentration exceeds the standard. It is recommended to close the outer door at any time. The vertical temperature distribution in the personnel activity area of each floor room is more uniform, and the maximum vertical temperature difference between head and ankle is 0.2 ℃, which satisfies thermal comfort standard. The indoor temperature on the first floor is higher due to the high setting temperature of the heating film, so it is recommended to cool appropriately. The indoor temperature in south-facing rooms is higher than that in north-facing rooms, so it is recommended to decrease the setting temperature for heating in south-facing rooms during the time of strong solar radiation, so as to create an energy saving, comfortable and healthy indoor environment.
Keywords:severe cold zone; passive house; indoor temperature; relative humidity; pollutant; air quality