寒冷环境下人体热舒适提升策略对比
Comparison of human thermal comfort improvement strategies in cold environments
摘要：
在-10 ℃和-20 ℃的寒冷环境下，针对2种典型的人体热舒适提升策略，开展了受试者实验。研究表明：在-10 ℃工况下，持续性局部接触式加热不能显著提升人员热舒适，而间歇性的环境温度提升对人员热舒适有明显改善作用；在-20 ℃工况下，2种方式对人员热舒适均有比较显著的提升效果。通过回归分析，得出热感觉不均匀度是导致两工况下局部接触式加热效果不同的原因。针对寒冷环境下人体局部与整体热评价的相关性展开分析，发现手部和脚部对整体热评价有显著影响。本研究可为解决寒冷环境下人员热舒适需求的设备开发和实际工程问题（例如冬季运动场馆热环境营造）提供数据支撑。
Abstract：
In the cold environmental conditions of -10 ℃ and -20 ℃, an experimental study is carried out with two typical strategies to improve human thermal comfort. The results show that under the condition of -10 ℃, continuous local heating cannot significantly improve the human thermal comfort, while the intermittent ambient temperature rising has a significant positive effect on the human thermal comfort. Under the condition of -20 ℃, both the two methods have significant effects on human thermal comfort improvement. It is analysed that the asymmetry of thermal sensation is the reason that the local heating effect is different under the two temperature conditions. The correlation between local and overall thermal perceptions in cold environment is further analysed, and it is revealed that the hands and feet have a significant impact on the overall thermal perception. This study can provide data support for practices in device development and construction projects with human thermal comfort needs in cold environments (e.g., winter sports venues).
Keywords:cold environment; thermal comfort; thermal sensation; step-changed temperature; local heating