我国大规模高生物安全风险车间防烟排烟设计关键点探讨
Analysis on key points of smoke control and exhaust design for large-scale high-biocontainment production plants
摘要：
我国已经在大规模高生物安全风险车间的设计和建设领域取得了丰富的工程实践经验，并逐步完成了对发达国家的追跑和并跑，在部分领域处于相对领先状态。但由于消防、生物安全等领域关注点的差异，以及动物、人用产品的不同要求，导致不同领域防烟排烟的设计理念存在差异，对大规模高生物安全风险车间建设的进一步提升存在影响。本文通过对国内外生物安全设施（生产车间和实验室）相关规范和标准中对生物安全和消防关切要点的梳理与凝练，结合对实际工程案例的分析和总结，系统性地阐述了我国大规模高生物安全风险车间防烟排烟设计的相关要求，对防火分区划分、排烟系统、70 ℃防火阀和排烟防火阀设置等关键环节的设计进行重点讨论，并提出了针对性解决方案，为相关国家规范标准的编制（修订）提供建议，为同类项目的实施提供参考。
Abstract：
China has gained rich experience in the design and construction of large-scale high-biocontainment production plants, and has gradually completed the pursuit and parallel running of developed countries, and is in a relatively leading state in some fields. However, due to the differences in the focus of fire protection, biosecurity and other fields, as well as the different requirements of animal and human products, there are huge differences in the design concept of smoke control and exhaust among different practitioners, which seriously affects the further improvement of the design level of high-biocontainment production plants. Through the combing and condensation of the key points of biosecurity and fire protection concerns in the relevant norms and standards of biosafety facilities (production workshops and laboratories) at home and abroad, combined with the analysis and summary of actual engineering cases, this paper systematically expounds the relevant requirements for the design of smoke control and exhaust in high-biocontainment production plants in China, discusses the design of key links such as fire partition division, smoke exhaust system, 70 ℃ fire valve and smoke exhaust fire valve setting, etc., and proposes targeted solutions, which provides suggestions for the preparation (revision) of relevant national norms and standards and references for the implementation of similar projects.
Keywords:large scale; high-biocontainment production plant; fire protection; smoke control and exhaust design; standard