高速列车热泵技术研究
Research on heat pump technology for high-speed trains
摘要：
目前高速列车空调大多为单冷机型。为了满足冬季制热需求，本文设计了新型高能效比高速列车热泵空调：机组为双独立循环系统，蒸发器交叉布置，设计优化了冷凝器结构参数；采用自制卧式补气增焓压缩机，通过优化管路布置使得热泵机组制热和制冷时均使用补气增焓，名义制冷能效提高约20%，低温工况下大幅度提高制热能力；热泵机组采用大中间流量四通阀逆向除霜，一系统高频制热的同时另一系统相对低频除霜，解决了除霜期间向列车舱内吹冷风及化霜速率慢的问题，为高速列车变频热泵空调国产化提供推动力。
Abstract：
The majority of high-speed train air conditioners are cooling-only units at present. This paper proposes a novel heat pump with high energy efficiency ratio to meet the heating demand of high-speed trains in winter. The proposed heat pump unit has two independent heating cycles. In the design, two evaporators are arranged alternately, the structural parameters of the condenser are optimized, a self-manufactured horizontal air-supplement enthalpy increasing compressor is adopted, and the heat pump unit uses air-supplement enthalpy increasing in heating and cooling through optimizing the pipeline layout. The results show that the nominal energy efficiency ratio for cooling increases by approximately 20%, and the heating capacity is greatly improved under low temperature conditions. Additionally, the heat pump unit adopts a large intermediate flow four-way valve for reverse defrosting. One system is heated at a high frequency while the other system is defrosted at a relatively low frequency, which solves the problem of cold air blowing into the train cabin and a slow defrosting rate during defrosting. The design provides impetus for the localization of the variable-speed heat pump for high-speed trains.
Keywords:high-speed train air conditioner; heat pump; double independent circulatory system; design optimization; air-supplement enthalpy increasing compressor; defrosting; numerical simulation