围护结构霉菌种类识别及生长风险研究
Study on identification and growth risk of mould in building envelopes
摘要：
围护结构霉菌生长不仅会影响围护结构的热工性能，还会危害室内空气质量和人员健康。以上海市某居民小区为研究对象，通过现场采集和DNA高通量测序，对围护结构中的霉菌种类进行了识别。基于菌种识别结果，选择文献中相应菌属的培养数据，建立了用于霉菌生长风险预测的等值线模型。基于最佳温度下霉菌生长速率和相对湿度的函数关系式对该模型进行了修正，得到了围护结构霉菌生长的温湿度边界LIM 0。通过定义长霉因子来表征不同建材对霉菌生长的影响，并给出了常用建材的长霉因子。基于上述模型，对上海市典型围护结构的霉菌生长风险进行了计算分析。研究结果表明：建筑围护结构生长的主要霉菌种类为芽枝霉属菌、青霉属菌和曲霉属菌；控制室内相对湿度及选择合适的饰面材料是防止围护结构表面霉菌生长的2种可行办法。
Abstract：
Mould growth in building envelopes not only affects the thermal performance of the envelopes, but also harms the indoor air quality and the personnel health. Taking a residential community in Shanghai as the research object, identifies the mould genus in the building envelopes by field collection and high-throughput DNA sequencing. Based on the identification results, establishes an isopleth model for mould growth risk prediction by selecting the culture data of corresponding mould genus in the literature. Based on the function between mould growth rate and relative humidity at the optimum temperature, modifies the above model and obtains the temperature and humidity boundary LIM 0 of mould growth. Defines the mould growth factor to characterize the effects of different building materials on mould growth, and provides the mould growth factors of common building materials. Based on the above model, analyses the mould growth risk of typical building envelopes in Shanghai. The results show that the main genus of mould growing on building envelopes are Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Controlling indoor relative humidity and choosing suitable finishing materials are two feasible ways to prevent the growth of mould.
Keywords:building envelope, mould identification, isopleth model, mould growth risk, building material, mould growth factor