人体呼出颗粒物的传播特性及呼吸道传染病感染概率预测方法
Transmission characteristics of human exhaled particles and risk prediction methods of respiratory infectious diseases
摘要：
对人体呼出颗粒物的粒径分布、人体呼出颗粒物在室内和户-户之间的传播特性及呼吸道传染病感染概率预测方法等方面的研究成果进行了综述。研究发现：人体呼出小粒径颗粒物比大粒径颗粒物数量多，而且小粒径颗粒物比大粒径颗粒物携带的病毒量多；人体呼出颗粒物的传播与气流组织及通风换气量等因素有关；置换送风形式的房间内会出现污染物“自锁现象”，医院病房内不建议采用该种送风方式；外窗自然通风和烟囱效应会引起污染物在高层建筑内竖向跨户传播；提高建筑内围护结构和门窗的气密性，并增加外窗通风换气量可以有效降低高层居住建筑内传染病水平方向跨户传播。研究结果有助于从污染源、污染物传播过程及人员暴露等方面对呼吸道传染病的控制提供指导依据。
Abstract：
Reviews the size distribution and transmission characteristics of human exhaled particles, and the risk prediction methods of airborne transmitted diseases in an enclosed space. The study finds that the number of small particles is more than that of large particles and the virus dose of small particles is more than that of large particles in human exhaled gases. The transmission characteristics of human exhaled particles are affected by air distribution and air change rates. The lock-up phenomenon of human exhaled particles may occur in displacement ventilation rooms, so it is not recommended in hospital wards. The natural ventilation and stack effect can cause pollutant transmission vertically in high-rise residential buildings. The inter-unit dispersion of infectious diseases in high-rise residential buildings can be reduced by improving the airtightness of building envelope and the ventilation rate of external windows. The results will provide guidance for the control of respiratory infectious diseases in terms of pollution sources, pollutant transmission process and personnel exposure.
Keywords:2019-nCoV, human exhaled particle, aerosol transmission, inter-unit dispersion, infection probability, respiratory infectious disease