太阳能供暖的有效集热量与有效太阳辐照度*
Effective heat collection and effective solar irradiance of solar heating
摘要：
针对传统太阳能供暖设计的问题，提出了有效集热量与有效太阳辐照度的概念，系统分析了典型地区太阳能的有效集热量与有效太阳辐照度指标，并与传统日平均集热量计算方法进行了对比分析。结果表明：冬季存在11%~15%的太阳辐照量为无效太阳辐照量，在集热器选型计算与安装方位优化中应予以剔除；集热温度对有效集热量有重要影响，对于拉萨地区，集热温度每提高5 ℃，平板集热器的有效集热量下降约8%，真空管集热器的有效集热量下降约4%；传统集热量计算方法对于辐照量与集热效率均采用日平均计算方法，导致计算结果存在不确定性误差，误差的大小与当地气温波动、太阳辐照特征、集热参数及集热器类型等多种因素相关。
Abstract：
Aiming at the problem of traditional solar heating design, proposes the concepts of effective heat collection and effective solar irradiance. Systematically analyses the effective heat collection and effective solar irradiance indexes in typical areas and makes a comparison with the traditional daily average heat collection calculation method. The results show that 11% to 15% of the solar irradiance in winter is invalid, which should be removed from the collector selection calculation and installation orientation optimization. The heat collection temperature has an important effect on the effective heat collection. For the Lhasa area, the effective heat collection of flat plate collectors decreases by about 8% for every 5 ℃ increase of heat collection temperature, and that of vacuum tube collectors decreases by about 4%. The traditional heat collection calculation method adopts daily average calculation methods for both the irradiance and heat collection efficiency, which leads to the uncertainty error of the calculation results. The error is related to local temperature fluctuations, solar irradiance characteristics, heat collection parameters, collector types and so on.
Keywords:solarheating,effectiveheatcollection,effectivesolarirradiance,heatcollectiontemperature,collector