黔东南地区典型乡村与城镇住宅冬季适应性热舒适比较*
Comparison of adaptive thermal comfort between typical rural and town residential houses in southeast Guizhou in winter
摘要：
为揭示我国乡村与城镇住宅冬季室内热舒适特征的差异，采取现场调研的方法，对黔东南地区83户178名城镇居民及75户145名乡村居民开展了热舒适问卷调查，并利用适应性PMV模型（aPMV模型）中提出的自适应系数λ来量化计算人体自适应水平。结果表明：城镇居民冬季实测热中性温度及80%可接受温度下限均高于乡村居民；城镇及乡村居民人体自适应系数（PMV＜0）分别为-0.39及-0.46，乡村居民人体自适应水平高于城镇居民。研究认为，服装热阻差异是造成城镇及乡村居民热中性温度差异的重要原因，同时行为调节、心理适应等也对热舒适产生影响。
Abstract：
In order to reveal the discrepancy of indoor thermal comfort between rural and town residential houses in winter, conducts a questionnaire survey among 178 town residents of 83 families and 145 rural residents of 75 families in southeastern area of Guizhou. At the same time, uses the adaptive coefficient λ proposed in the adaptive PMV model (aPMV model) to quantitatively calculate the adaptive levels of human body. The result shows that the measured thermal neutral temperature and 80% acceptable temperature limit of town residents in winter are higher than those of rural residents. The adaptive coefficient λ value of town and rural residents is -0.39 and -0.46, respectively. The adaptive level of rural residents is higher than that of town residents. The research suggests that the difference in thermal resistance of clothing is an important reason for the difference of thermal neutral temperature between town and rural residents. At the same time, behavioral adjustment and psychological adaption also have an impact on their thermal comfort.
Keywords:hot summer and cold winter zone, rural residential house, town residential house, thermal comfort, thermal neutral temperature, adaptive level, adaptive coefficient