探讨长江流域室内热环境营造——基于建筑热过程的分析
Discussion on built environment design and operation in the Yangtze River Basin—Thermal-behavior based analysis
摘要：
长江流域夏季炎热、冬季阴冷、全年高湿，影响建筑室内热环境的因素众多，关系复杂。对该地区建筑热过程的正确理解和分析是提出合理室内热环境营造技术的基础。基于建筑热过程，构建了涵盖设计与运行阶段的室内热环境营造桑基能流图，分析了影响室内热环境营造的主要因素，即得（失）热、冷（热）负荷、供冷（热）量和能源消耗，以及能量流动关系；简要介绍了现有节能技术的原理和在长江流域的应用现状。对长江流域典型城市住宅的室内热环境进行了模拟分析，结果表明：所选住宅夏季围护结构形成的冷负荷占比最大，应首先考虑通过合理的隔热及遮阳措施减少得热，从而减少供冷能耗；冬季冷风渗透形成的热负荷占主导地位，需要提高建筑气密性及围护结构热工性能加强保温；综合过渡季自然通风、供暖空调设备能效提升等措施，可实现在满足热舒适标准基础上全年供暖空调能耗不超过20 kW·h/m2的目标。
Abstract：
The Yangtze River Basin has a unique climate with hot summer, cold winter and high humidity all-round the year. There are many factors affecting the indoor thermal environment of the building, and the relationship is complicated. Correctly understanding the building thermal process is essential for creating energy-efficient indoor thermal environments. Establishes an energy flow diagram to show the relationship among the main factors of built environment design and operation such as heat gain/loss, cooling/heating loads, cooling/heating supply and energy consumption. Presents the principles of current building energy saving technologies and their applications in the Yangtze River Basin. Simulates the indoor thermal environments of typical residential buildings in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that the most influencing factor is building envelope for cooling and infiltration for heating. Integrating natural ventilation and energy efficient equipment, the residential buildings could have an annual HVAC energy consumption of no more than 20 kWh/m2 on the basis of meeting the thermal comfort standard.
Keywords:indoor thermal environment, building thermal process, heating, air conditioning, building energy consumption, building energy conservation, Yangtze River Basin