低GWP值制冷剂的有限选择
Limited options for low-global-warming-potential refrigerants
摘要：
作为现今空调系统常用的制冷剂，氢氟烃是一类潜在温室气体，并且它们对气候变化的影响会不断增长。未来，氢氟烃的使用将逐渐减少，因此必须寻找适合的替代工质。本文显示，仅有少数几种单一工质具有作为制冷剂所必需拥有的化学、环境、热力学和安全的综合特性，同时这些工质至少是微可燃的。根据筛选标准从一个综合化学品数据库中搜索了一些替代品。对于这些通过了热力学和环境特性筛选（临界温度和全球变暖潜能值）的工质，在小型空调系统中进行了性能模拟，其中包括换热器的优化。发现当考虑到更实际的系统时，存在于理想分析中的效率和制冷量之间的平衡就消失了。最高效率出现在较高单位容积制冷量附近，但存在于这个范围内的工质极少。
Abstract：
Hydrofluorocarbons, currently used as refrigerants in air conditioning systems, are potent greenhouse gases, and their contribution to climate change is projected to increase. Future use of the hydrofluorocarbons will be phased down and, thus replacement fluids must be found. Finds that only a few pure fluids possess the combination of chemical, environmental, thermodynamic, and safety properties necessary for a refrigerant and these fluids are at least slightly flammable. Searches for replacements by applying screening criteria to a comprehensive chemical database. For the fluids passing the thermodynamic and environmental screening (critical temperature and global warming potential), simulates their performance in small air conditioning systems, including optimization of the heat exchangers. The results show that the efficiency-versus-capacity trade-off that exists in an ideal analysis disappears when a more realistic system is considered. The maximum efficiency occurs at a relatively high unit volumetric refrigeration capacity, but there are few fluids in this range.
Keywords:low-global-warming-potential refrigerant, substitute, flammability, screening, performance simulation, unit volumetric refrigeration capacity