甘肃乡域中小学教室冬季室内热环境研究
Thermal environment in rural primary and secondary school classrooms in Gansu province in winter
摘要：
选取5所典型中小学学校的12间教室为对象，对其冬季室内热环境参数进行了测试，同时对366名学生的热感觉情况进行了问卷调查。结果显示：预测和实测中性温度分别为15.1 ℃和14.7 ℃，期望温度约为15.6 ℃；90%的学生认为11.9～17.1 ℃为舒适温度范围，温度取值比规范规定值低，表明在当地寒冷的气候条件、衣着习惯、心理期望等因素作用下，青少年学生形成了对偏冷环境的适应性。利用适应性PMV模型（aPMV）可对青少年学生的平均热感觉进行较为准确的预测。
Abstract：
Taking twelve typical classrooms of five rural primary and secondary schools as examples, measures the indoor thermal environment parameters in winter, and conducts the subjective questionnaires on thermal comfort among 366 students. The results show that the predicted and measured thermal neutral temperature is 15.1 ℃ and 14.7 ℃, respectively, and the preferred temperature is 15.6 ℃. The thermal comfort temperature range accepted by 90% students is 11.9 to 17.1 ℃, which is lower than that in codes. The cold climate conditions, students’ dressing habit, psychological expectation and physical characters make students have a strong adaptability to cold environment. Adaptive PMV model (aPMV) can be used to predict students’ mean thermal sensation.
Keywords:school, thermal environment, winter, thermal sensation vote (TSV), adaptive predicted mean vote (aPMV), neutral temperature, preferred temperature