Abstract：

Based on surveys and test data of household energy consumption in rural Beijing, proposes ten alternative solutions to coal-fired heating and tests the operation effectiveness of practical projects based on the solutions. Analyses nine of the ten solutions that can satisfy the whole day heating and two existing heating schemes. Obtains the rural household baseline energy needs for heating through computer simulation of energy consumption of a typical house in rural Beijing, and assesses the applicability and reliability of all the technologies using an integrated method of life cycle investment and running costs. Proposes that the low ambient temperature air-source heat pump heating is the preferred alternative solution to coal-fired heating in rural Beijing.