北京地区民用建筑供暖热负荷研究的历史回顾
Historical retrospect of research on heating load of civil buildings in Beijing
摘要：
叙述了作者所领导的课题组在1956—1963年间对北京地区多层民用建筑以及在1979—1983年间对北京地区高层民用建筑的供暖热负荷研究过程、研究目的和取得的成果。鉴于1955年前由于负荷计算不符合实际导致各朝向房间温度不均的现实问题，采用观测手段对供暖建筑进行多次实地测试，并经过对测试数据的认真分析总结，得到了供暖建筑北向修正率为零，其他朝向得益于太阳辐射热，其修正率为负值的结果；针对高层建筑冬季存在的冷风渗透问题，通过对4栋建筑各连续5天的实测，分析、计算得到了居住建筑热压系数0.2、公共建筑热压系数0.5的结论。几十年来的设计实践证明，上述研究成果是正确和可靠的。
Abstract：
Presents the purpose, method and result of research on heating load of multi-story civil buildings being carried out from 1956 to 1963 , and another session to determine the thermal draft coefficients in high-rise civil buildings due to the stack effect being carried out from 1979 to 1983 in Beijing, by task teams led by the author. Research by the 1st task team concluded that rooms facing the least favorable exposure (North) should have zero correction, while those facing other exposures, being favored by solar radiation during the heating season, should have negative correction factors respectively. The result of research by the 2nd task team concluded that thermal draft coefficients for high-rise apartments and public buildings are 0.2 and 0.5 respectively. Design practice during the following decades has proven that the conclusions were correct and reliable.
Keywords:civilbuilding,heatingload,siteobservation,correctionfactorfororientation,infiltration,thermaldraftcoefficient