夏热冬冷地区居住建筑房间得热量分布及节能方向
Distribution of heat gain and direction for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter area
摘要：
采用多层板壁热力系统的反应系数法分析计算了典型气象条件下4个典型房间各围护结构的逐时传热量及其在房间得热量中所占比例。结果显示，在夏季典型气候条件下，单位面积围护结构对房间得热量的影响从大到小依次为外窗太阳辐射、外窗传热、屋顶传热、东西墙传热、南墙传热；白天由太阳辐射引起的得热量一直是房间得热量的主要部分；随着西向窗墙面积比的增大，西窗逐时传热得热量和辐射得热量呈线性显著增加；在夏热冬冷地区，必须提高窗户的遮阳性能，并降低窗户的传热系数，适当控制南向窗户面积，严格控制东西向窗墙面积比，建议西向窗墙面积比不大于0.2。
Abstract：
Analyses and calculates the hourly heat transfer through each building envelope and the proportion of it to the total heat gain for the four rooms with the response factor method for multi-layer wall thermodynamic system under a typical weather condition in Nanjing. The results show that in the typical summer weather condition, the influence of unit area building envelope on the room heat gain is, in a descending order, radiant heat gain through the window, heat transfer through the window, heat transfer through the roof, heat transfer through the west/east wall, heat transfer through the south wall; the heat gain from solar radiation is always the main portion in daytime; the hourly heat gain through west windows caused by radiation and transfer increases significantly with the increase of the west window-wall area ratio; in this area, it is suggested to improve the performance of the window shading, to reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the window, to properly control the area of the south window, and to strictly control the window-wall area ratio of the west/east wall, and the west window-wall area ratio should not be greater than 0.2.
Keywords:hotsummerandcoldwinterarea,envelope,heattransfer,heatgain,window-wallarearatio