下一代制冷剂历史回顾、思考与展望
Next generation of refrigerants—historical review, considerations and outlook
摘要：
回顾了制冷剂从早期使用至现在的进步历程，探讨了未来方向与一些候选制冷剂。根据所定义的选择标准把此历程划分为四代制冷剂。逐一用这些标准讨论了较早工质的替代，并说明了某些早期制冷剂例如那些现在所称的“天然制冷剂”重新受到关注的过程。考察了对现有国际协定相关方案的展望，其中包括了分别为防止平流层臭氧耗损与全球气候变化的蒙特利尔与京都议定书的分析。还考察了其他环境问题和更长远的国际与地区性的控制措施。这种讨论说明，如果仅仅孤立地看待各个环境问题，而不是把若干环境问题作为整体而采取综合协调的对策，可能会对环境造成无意识的破坏，这种环境破坏几乎肯定将来还需要再采取挽回措施。可以确定，一些即将出台的政策与管制条例的变化可能对下一代制冷剂的选择会有重要影响。
Abstract：
Reviews the progression of refrigerants, from early uses to the present, and then addresses future directions and candidates. Breaks the history into four refrigerant generations based on defining selection criteria. Discusses displacement of earlier working fluids, with successive criteria, and how interest in some early refrigerants re-emerged, for example renewed interest in those now identified as “natural refrigerants”. Examines the outlook for current options in the contexts of existing international agreements, including the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols to avert stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change, respectively. Also examines other environmental concerns and further and international and local control measures. The discussion illustrates how isolated attention to individual environmental issues or regulatory requirements, in contrast to coordinated responses to the several issues or regulatory together, can result in unintended environmental harm that almost certainly will require future reversals. It identifies pending policy and regulatory change that may impact the next generation of refrigerants significantly.
Keywords:refrigerant, development, environment, climate, greenhouse effect, ODP, GWP