北京市农村生活用能现状及实施清洁供暖的建议
Current situation of energy consumption in rural areas of Beijing and suggestions for implementing clean heating
摘要：
通过文献调研和实地调研的方式开展了北京市农村生活用能研究。研究发现:农村生活用能结构逐步清洁化、电气化、低碳化,平均综合能耗为27.7 kg/m2;对于煤改电用户,生活用能类型以电力和液化石油气为主,电力使用占比为96%左右,考虑清洁供暖补贴后,生活用能消费为340～5 600元/人;对于煤改气用户,生活用能类型以电力和天然气为主,天然气使用占比为65.9%左右,考虑清洁供暖补贴后,生活用能消费为515～7 243元/人。基于目前的现状,建议强化农房围护结构改造、探索及推广“光伏+”及“光热+”与煤改清洁能源融合模式、不同发展区域制定不同补贴政策以减少居民支出;建议推进农村户用分布式光伏发电、规范农村光伏发电市场及政策以提高居民收入,并加强政策宣传以提高农村居民对新能源的接受程度,建立农村基于清洁供暖的用能长效机制。
Abstract：
This study investigates rural household energy consumption in Beijing through literature review and field surveys. The research finds that rural energy use is transitioning towards cleaner, electrified, and low-carbon patterns, with average comprehensive energy consumption reaching 27.7 kg/m2. For coal-to-electricity converted households, domestic energy primarily consists of electricity and liquefied petroleum gas. Electricity usage accounts for approximately 96%. After considering clean heating subsidies, per person energy costs range between 340 to 5 600 yuan. For coal-to-gas converted households, energy consumption mainly involves electricity and natural gas. Natural gas usage accounts for about 65.9%. With clean heating subsidies, per person energy costs range between 515 to 7 243 yuan. Based on current conditions, the paper recommends: enhancing building envelope retrofits, developing “PV+” and “solar thermal+” integration models with clean energy transitions, and implementing regionalized subsidy policies to reduce household expenses. Furthermore, it suggests promoting distributed PV systems, regulating rural PV markets/policies to increase incomes, strengthening policy communication to improve renewable energy acceptance, and establishing long-term mechanisms for clean heating-based energy systems.
Keywords:rural area; clean heating; energy structure for domestic use; energy consumption; coal-to-electricity; coal-to-gas