提高多联机空调实时耗电量计算准确度的应用与研究
Application and research on improving accuracy of real-time power consumption calculation of multi-split air conditioners
摘要：
针对集中空调系统实时耗电量计算准确度低、硬件成本高及时间同步误差大等关键问题,本文提出了一种基于时钟同步与负载/功率匹配运算的软硬件协同计量方法。该方法通过多源授时架构与高优先级NTP(网络时间协议)动态补偿机制,将系统时钟同步误差控制在毫秒级(±5 ms);结合分层负载/功率拟合策略,对压缩机、室外风机等大功率负载采用高精度采样与低频补偿算法,对电子膨胀阀、排水泵等小功率负载通过实验拟合公式计算,实现分布式节点耗电量的协同计算。实验验证表明:在6种典型应用工况及不同室内机开启组合(1～4台)下,耗电量计算准确度达95%以上,与传统电表基准值相比,偏差显著低于行业标准。该方法无需增加硬件成本,解决了多联机系统实时能耗监测的准确度难题,为建筑节能与空调精细化能效管理提供了可靠技术支撑,具有显著的工程应用价值与推广潜力。
Abstract：
In response to the key issues such as low accuracy, high hardware costs and large time synchronization errors in real-time power consumption calculation of central air conditioning systems, this paper proposes a software-hardware collaborative metering method based on clock synchronization and load/power matching computation. The method employs a multi-source time-keeping architecture combined with a high-priority NTP (network time protocol) dynamic compensation mechanism to maintain system clock synchronization error at the millisecond level (±5 ms). By integrating a hierarchical load/power fitting strategy, it utilizes high-precision sampling and low-frequency compensation algorithms for high-power loads such as compressors and outdoor fans, while employing experimental fitting formulas for low-power loads such as electronic expansion valves and drainage pumps, enabling coordinated calculation of distributed node energy consumption. The experimental validation demonstrates that under six typical application conditions and different indoor unit configurations (1 to 4 units), the power consumption calculation accuracy consistently exceeds 95%, with lower deviations from conventional electricity meter benchmarks significantly than those of the industry standards. This method requires no additional hardware costs, resolving key technical barriers in real-time energy consumption monitoring for multi-split systems. It provides reliable technical support for building energy saving and refined energy efficiency management of air conditioning systems, offering substantial engineering application value and broad commercial potential.
Keywords:multi-split air conditioner; real-time power consumption calculation; clock synchronization; load/power fitting; building energy saving