学生宿舍楼火灾烟气蔓延规律及影响因素研究
Study on spread laws and influencing factors of fire smoke in student dormitory buildings
摘要：
利用PyroSim软件,建立了某学生宿舍楼火灾的数值仿真模型,模拟了火灾初期烟气蔓延过程,讨论了起火位置、走道挡烟垂壁、敞开楼梯间入口挡烟垂壁及走道自然排烟窗高度对火灾烟气蔓延的影响机制。结果表明:起火位置是影响火灾烟气蔓延的最重要因素,宿舍房间起火主要影响起火层,而楼梯间公共区起火将威胁整栋楼的安全疏散;即使宽度≤2.5 m的走道,也建议在走道中间部位增设挡烟垂壁,将其划分为2个防烟分区,以有效阻挡或延缓烟气沿水平方向蔓延;疏散楼梯间入口处增设挡烟垂壁,可阻挡烟气进入楼梯间,有效防止火势沿楼梯间竖向蔓延;提高走廊两侧自然排烟窗的高度,将其严格设置于储烟仓内,可有效降低各层走道的CO浓度。
Abstract：
This study employs PyroSim software to establish a numerical simulation model of a student dormitory building fire, simulating the initial smoke spread process. The influence mechanisms of fire source location, corridor smoke barriers, stairwell entrance smoke barriers, and height of natural smoke exhaust windows in corridors on fire smoke spread are discussed. The results indicate that the fire source location is the most critical factor affecting smoke spread. A fire originating in a dormitory room mainly affects the floor of origin, whereas a fire in the stairwell public area will threaten the entire building’s evacuation safety. Even in corridors with a width not greater than 2.5 m, adding a smoke barrier in the middle of the corridor to divide the corridor into two smoke control zones can effectively block or delay horizontal smoke spread. Installing smoke barriers at stairwell entrances can prevent smoke from entering the stairwell, mitigating vertical fire spread through the stairwells. Increasing the height of the natural smoke exhaust windows on both sides of the corridor and strictly setting them within the smoke storage bin can effectively reduce the CO concentration in corridors on each floor.
Keywords:student dormitory building; fire smoke simulation; smoke control zone; smoke barrier; natural smoke exhaust; fire safety