光伏组件与建筑结合对商业、居住建筑空调负荷的影响
Impact of combining photovoltaic modules with buildings on air conditioning load of commercial and residential buildings
摘要：
随着“双碳”目标的推进,光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)在商业、居住建筑中的应用日益普及,但现有暖通空调系统设计未提供针对BIPV的空调负荷计算方法。本文基于EnergyPlus,模拟分析了我国五大气候区及不同窗墙面积比下非通风式光伏屋面和光伏窗对全年空调负荷的影响。结果表明:商业建筑中的光伏屋面在夏季增大了冷负荷峰值,幅度最高可达4.72%,尤其在太阳辐射较强的地区更显著;光伏窗显著降低了商业建筑的冷负荷,峰值可减小20%～40%。在居住建筑中,光伏窗减小了夏季冷负荷,窗墙面积比增大时,减冷量最高达13.5 kW,但增热量最高达3.0 kW。不同气候条件下,光伏窗对负荷影响差异明显,太阳能资源丰富的城市更适合使用光伏窗。
Abstract：
With the advancement of the “dual carbon” goal, the application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in commercial and residential buildings is becoming increasingly popular. However, the existing HVAC system designs do not provide a calculation method for air conditioning load specific to BIPV. Based on EnergyPlus, this paper simulates the impact of non-ventilated photovoltaic roofs and windows on the annual air conditioning loads in five major climate zones and different window-to-wall area ratios in China. The results show that photovoltaic roofs in commercial buildings experience an increase in peak cooling load during summer, with a maximum amplitude of 4.72%, especially in the areas with strong solar radiation. Photovoltaic windows significantly reduce the cooling load of commercial buildings, with a peak reduction of 20% to 40%. In residential buildings, photovoltaic windows reduce summer cooling loads. When the window-to-wall area ratio increases, the cooling reduction can reach up to 13.5 kW, but the heating increase can reach up to 3.0 kW. Under different climatic conditions, the impact of photovoltaic windows on loads varies significantly, and the cities with abundant solar energy resources are more suitable for using photovoltaic windows.
Keywords:photovoltaic module; photovoltaic roof; photovoltaic window; commercial building; residential building; cooling load; heating load; window-to-wall area ratio