建筑规划布局对室外风环境的影响与评价
Impact and evaluation of architectural planning and layout on outdoor wind environment
摘要：
选取某高校生活区建筑群作为研究对象,利用现场测试结合CFD模拟的方法探究建筑规划布局对周围活动区风环境的影响。本研究依据经实测验证后的模型模拟数据,分别从室外风速、风速放大系数、风压和风冷指数(WCI)等方面进行对比分析,并根据GB/T 50378—2019《绿色建筑评价标准》中对室外风环境的评分要求,结合模拟得到的WCI范围,对建筑规划布局和冬季主导风向影响下的整体室外风环境进行评价。研究结果表明:该建筑群室外风速放大系数均小于2.5,中心区域建筑外立面风压差基本小于5 Pa;室外风环境评分大部分为5分,整体室外风环境评价结果为优良;冬季最冷月平均风速和温度条件下,建筑群内大部分区域的WCI处于1 674～3 347 kJ/(m2·h)之间,生理热感觉为凉爽～冷。
Abstract：
Selecting a residential building complex in a certain university as the research object, this study uses on-site testing combined with CFD simulation to explore the impact of architectural planning and layout on the wind environment of surrounding activity areas. This study compares and analyses the outdoor wind speed, wind speed amplification factor, wind pressure, and wind chill index (WCI) based on the model simulation data verified by actual measurement. According to the scoring requirements for outdoor wind environment in GB/T 50378-2019Assessmentstandardforgreenbuilding, combined with the simulated WCI range, the overall outdoor wind environment under the impact of architectural planning and layout, and winter dominant wind direction is evaluated. The research results show that the outdoor wind speed amplification factor in the building complex is less than 2.5, and the wind pressure differences on the building exterior facades in the central areas are basically less than 5 Pa. The outdoor wind environment score is mostly 5 points, and the overall outdoor wind environment evaluation result is excellent. Under the average wind speed and temperature conditions of the coldest month in winter, the WCI in most areas of the building complex is between 1 674 and 3 347 kJ/(m2·h), and the physiological thermal sensation is cool to cold.
Keywords:architectural planning and layout; outdoor wind environment; CFD simulation; building exterior facade; wind pressure; wind speed; wind speed amplification factor; wind chill index (WCI)