基于监测数据的严寒、寒冷地区公共建筑供热能耗与碳排放特征分析
Analysis of heating energy consumption and carbon emission characteristics of public buildings in severe cold and cold zones based on monitoring data
摘要：
公共建筑低碳化是中国实现“双碳”目标的重要环节,掌握公共建筑供热能耗与碳排放特征是推动其低碳转型的重要基础。本研究旨在分析严寒、寒冷地区公共建筑的供热能耗与碳排放特征,探讨不同供热方式及能源形式对能耗和碳排放的影响。针对供热碳排放核算不准确、低碳改造技术缺乏横向对比等问题,基于283栋公共建筑的监测能耗数据,提出了公共建筑集中供热碳排放修正方法,对不同公共建筑能源排放强度核算分析,对比不同供热方式的减排潜力。结果显示:集中供热、分散式燃气供热、分散式电供热的平均能源排放强度分别为1.927、1.823、1.708,集中供热的减排空间最大。通过系统梳理与分析综合能耗与碳排放水平,重点关注了不同供热技术的能源排放强度。此外,研究量化了城市燃煤集中供热改造为燃气、电及生物质锅炉的供热能源强度数值,最高可降低94.83%。本研究提出的城市集中供热清洁能源改造计算模型能够有效计算减碳量、能源排放强度及改造成本,为评估城市集中供热在绿色低碳转型中的应用提供数据支持。
Abstract：
The low carbonization of public buildings is an important link in China’s realization of the “dual carbon” goal, and mastering the characteristics of heating energy consumption and carbon emissions in public buildings is an important foundation for promoting its low-carbon transformation. The aim of this study is to analyse the heating energy consumption and carbon emission characteristics of public buildings in severe cold and cold zones, and explore the impact of different heating methods and energy forms on energy consumption and carbon emissions. Based on the monitoring energy consumption data of 283 public buildings, a correction method for carbon emissions from centralized heating in public buildings is proposed to address issues such as inaccurate accounting of heating carbon emissions and a lack of horizontal comparison of low-carbon transformation technologies. The different energy emission intensity accounting analyses of public buildings are conducted to compare the emission reduction potential of different heating methods. The results show that the average energy emission intensity of centralized heating, decentralized gas heating, and decentralized electric heating are 1.927, 1.823, and 1.708, respectively, indicating that centralized heating has the greatest potential for emission reduction. By systematically sorting and analysing the comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission levels, the study focuses on the energy emission intensity of different heating technologies. In addition, the study quantifies the heating energy intensity values of urban coal-fired centralized heating transformation into gas, electricity, and biomass boilers, which can reduce up to 94.83%. The calculation model for clean energy transformation of urban centralized heating proposed in this study can effectively calculate carbon reduction, energy emission intensity, and transformation costs, providing data support for evaluating the application of urban centralized heating in green and low-carbon transformation.
Keywords:monitoring data; severe cold zone; cold zone; public building; heating energy consumption; carbon emission; energy emission intensity