负压隔离病房室内环境控制措施探讨
Discussion on indoor environmental control measures in negative pressure isolation wards
摘要：
为阻止负压隔离病房室内有害气溶胶向其他区域扩散,避免隔离病房内病人、医务人员或探访者之间发生交叉感染,负压隔离病房在压差控制、气流组织和空气净化3项主要措施方面需要合理设计和设置,因此各国都制定了相应的医疗建筑通风空调设计标准。不同国家在经济和技术发展水平、气候条件、人体生理适应性、医疗习惯与理念等多方面存在差异,使得不同国家的标准对同一参数的要求不尽相同。本文对比分析了中国、德国、美国、日本标准中有关负压隔离病房室内环境控制措施的异同,以期对我国医院建设与改造及标准修订提供技术依据。
Abstract：
In order to prevent the harmful aerosols in the negative pressure isolation wards from spreading to other areas and avoid cross-infection among patients,medical staff or visitors in the isolation wards,the negative pressure isolation wards need to be designed and set up reasonably in three main measures: pressure difference control,air distribution and air purification,so all countries have formulated corresponding ventilation and air conditioning design standards for medical buildings.Different countries have differences in economic and technological development level,climatic conditions,human physiological adaptability,medical habits and concepts,which makes the standards of different countries have different requirements for the same parameter.This paper compares and analyses the similarities and differences of indoor environmental control measures in negative pressure isolation wards in China,Germany,the United States,and Japan,in order to provide technical basis for hospital construction,reconstruction,and standard revision in China.
Keywords:negative pressure isolation ward; indoor environmental control; standard; measure; difference; pressure difference control; air distribution; air purification