空调送风方式与送风温度对人员舒适性的影响
Influence of airflow mode and airflow temperature of air conditioners on human thermal comfort
摘要：
在高温环境条件下,气流是调节人体热感觉与提升热舒适性的有效手段。然而,不同形式及温度的气流对人员热舒适性的影响存在显著差异,研究这些差异对于优化气流选择策略具有重要意义。本研究以偏热环境(28 ℃)为实验条件,对比分析了无风、冷却稳态风、冷却摇摆风、室温稳态风及室温摇摆风5种工况下的人员热舒适性。实验结果表明,在28 ℃的室内环境中,室温稳态风条件下的热舒适投票值相比无风条件提高1.61(p<0.001),相比冷却稳态风条件提高1.33(p<0.001),这一发现证实了适宜的气流类型对提升人员舒适度具有显著的积极作用。进一步研究发现,与室温稳态风相比,室温摇摆风条件下人员热感觉降低0.21(p<0.05),表明动态风在缓解热不适方面具有一定优势,并展现出应对更高室内温度环境的潜力。此外,皮肤温度的变化趋势与热感觉投票结果具有一致性。相比于室温稳态风,室温摇摆风条件下男性皮肤温度变化量降低0.61(p<0.05),女性皮肤温度变化量降低0.81(p<0.05)。这一发现为上述结论提供了可靠的生理学证据支持。本研究为高温环境下气流参数的优化选择提供了科学依据,对改善室内热环境设计具有一定的理论和实践意义。
Abstract：
Under high-temperature environmental conditions, airflow is an effective way of regulating human thermal sensation and enhancing thermal comfort. However, there are significant differences in the effects of different forms and temperatures of airflow on human thermal comfort, and it is important to study these differences to optimize airflow selection strategies. In this study, the thermal comfort under five experimental conditions, namely, no airflow, cooled constant mechanical airflow, cooled oscillating airflow, room temperature constant mechanical airflow and room temperature oscillating airflow, is comparatively analysed using a hotter environment (28 ℃) as the experimental condition. The experimental results show that the thermal comfort vote value under the room temperature constant mechanical airflow condition is 1.61 higher than that under the no airflow condition (p<0.001), and 1.33 higher than that under the cooled constant mechanical airflow condition (p<0.001) in an indoor environment at 28 ℃. This finding confirms that the appropriate type of airflow has a significant positive effect on enhancing human comfort. It is further found that compared with the room temperature constant mechanical airflow condition, the human thermal sensation under the room temperature oscillating airflow condition decreases by 0.21 (p<0.05), suggesting that dynamic winds have an advantage in alleviating thermal discomfort and show potential to cope with higher room temperature environments. In addition, the change trend of skin temperature is consistent with the thermal sensation vote results. Compared with the room temperature constant mechanical airflow condition, the change in skin temperature of men under the room temperature oscillating airflow condition decreases by 0.61 (p<0.05), and that of women decreases by 0.81 (p<0.05). This finding provides reliable physiological evidence to support the above conclusions. This study provides a scientific basis for the optimal selection of airflow parameters in high-temperature environments, which is of theoretical and practical significance for improving the design of indoor thermal environments.
Keywords:thermal comfort; thermal sensation; airflow; air conditioner; dynamic airflow