建筑供暖系统多元蓄热体蓄放热过程仿真研究*
摘要：
基于供暖系统与建筑热动态过程的耦合作用机理分析,建立了建筑供暖系统的精细化动态仿真模型,并进行了实验验证,分析了多元蓄热体(内外围护结构、家具等)在需求响应时段的节点温度变化、放热量及响应时间等,并讨论了不同供暖末端的影响。结果表明:随着室外温度下降,需求响应阶段各蓄热体放热速率加快,辐射地板供暖系统和散热器供暖系统的放热时间常数均大于110 h;受室温调控热舒适约束,辐射地板、散热器、风机盘管系统放热时间分别短于22、12、4 h,系统被动蓄放热效率低于20.17%;供暖末端辐射热比例越大、室外温度越高,系统可激活放热量越大,辐射地板供暖系统可激活放热量约是风机盘管系统的2.5～3.5倍。
Abstract：
Based on the analysis of the coupling mechanism between the heating system and the building’s thermal dynamic process, this paper establishes a detailed dynamic simulation model for building heating systems and conducts experimental validation. It analyses the node temperature changes, heat release, and response times of multi-thermal storage units (such as interior and exterior envelopes, furniture, etc.) during demand response periods, and discusses the impacts of different heating terminals. The results show that as the outdoor temperature drops, the heat release rate of each thermal storage unit accelerates during the demand response phase. The heat release time constants for both radiant floor heating systems and radiator heating systems are greater than 110 hours. Due to the thermal comfort constraints of indoor temperature regulation, the heat release times for radiant floor, radiator, and fan-coil systems are shorter than 22, 12, and 4 hours, respectively, with the system’s passive heat storage and release efficiency being below 20.17%. The larger the proportion of radiant heat from the heating terminal and the higher the outdoor temperature, the greater the activatable heat release of the system. The activatable heat release of the radiant floor heating system is approximately 2.5 to 3.5 times that of the fan-coil system.
Keywords:heating system; multi-thermal storage unit; temperature distribution; heat flux; comprehensive thermal simulation; heat storage and release efficiency; time constant