基于视觉舒适度的室内不同光源光环境评价综述*
摘要：
随着人居环境质量要求的提升,建筑室内光环境的舒适评价和营造已成为研究关注的焦点,但多数综述主要关注视觉舒适度指标和光环境对人体的影响,少有关注不同光源形成的光环境差异。本文以自然光和人工光为研究对象,基于Web of Science主题检索,系统地综述了自然光与人工光环境下视觉舒适度的评价方法与评价指标,讨论了复合照明评价的现状并展望了未来的调控策略方向。综述结果显示,光通过视觉通路影响认知过程,为基于客观任务表现推测光照舒适度提供了理论依据。虽然围绕自然光与人工光环境,基于主观评价、客观认知与生理参数的视觉舒适度评价方法已较为成熟,但目前研究仍存在指标多样、评价结果矛盾的现象。因此,建议未来基于视觉舒适度的主观评价应细化场景,整体评价体系需要依据研究目的进行分类统一。鉴于人对自然光存在天然的偏爱,建议未来复合光环境营造以舒适的自然光为主、稳定的人工光为辅。本综述可为室内光环境下视觉舒适度研究和健康光环境营造提供新思路。
Abstract：
With the improvement of the quality requirements of human living environment, the evaluation and creation of comfortable indoor light environment in buildings have become the focus of research attention. However, most reviews mainly focus on visual comfort indicators and the impact of light environment on human body, and few pay attention to the differences in light environments formed by different light sources. Taking natural light and artificial light as the research objects, this paper systematically reviews the evaluation methods and evaluation indicators of visual comfort under natural light and artificial light environments based on Web of Science subject retrieval, discusses the current status of composite lighting evaluation, and looks forward to the future direction of regulation strategies. The review results show that light affects cognitive processes through the visual pathway, providing a theoretical basis for inferring lighting comfort based on objective task performance. Although the visual comfort evaluation methods based on subjective evaluation, objective cognition and physiological parameters around natural light and artificial light environments are relatively mature, there are still problems of diverse indicators and contradictory evaluation results in current research. Therefore, it is recommended that the subjective evaluation based on visual comfort should be refined in the future, and the overall evaluation system needs to be classified and unified according to the research purpose. In view of people’s natural preference for natural light, it is recommended that the composite light environment creation in the future should be mainly based on comfortable natural light and supplemented by stable artificial light. This review can provide new ideas for the study of visual comfort and the creation of a healthy light environment in the indoor light environment.
Keywords:visual comfort; natural light; artificial light; composite light; light environment evaluation; visual information processing mechanism