夏热冬冷地区城市住宅改造特性与改造需求专家采访研究
Expert interview for features and demands of systematic retrofitting of urban residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone
摘要：
我国夏热冬冷地区城市老旧住宅的性能与功能问题十分复杂,其改造特性和结合住户改造需求的相关理论研究较为缺乏。为明确该地区城市老旧住宅的改造特性与需求,根据既有居住建筑的系统性改造理论,选取了12名具有研究或设计该地区居住建筑改造相关内容5年以上经验的政策制定者、技术专家、工程师和设计师作为研究对象,对专家进行了半结构式访谈调研以收集定性的经验与意见数据。采访结果的共识与分歧分析表明,该地区城市老旧住宅的改造特性为基础舒适水平低、居住质量差、住户喜好倾向不统一、缺乏对住户自发改造的激励政策。同时,研究结果表明,优先级高的系统性改造需求重点为提升建筑居住舒适度并增加功能性,包括电梯加装、外窗改造、屋面改造和冬季供暖,而节能低碳等改造目标对住户的吸引力较低。本研究通过对权威专家的采访,为我国夏热冬冷地区城市老旧住宅系统性改造的发展与相关政策制定提供信息支撑。
Abstract：
The performance and functional problems of the old urban residential buildings (OURB) in the hot summer and cold winter zone are very complicated without comprehensive theoretical research considering both building features and retrofitting demands from residents. To clarify the features and demands of systematic retrofitting of OURB in this region, 12 experts with more than five years of experience in policymaking, technologies, engineering and design for the retrofitting of OURB are investigated by the semi-structured interview method to collect qualitative data on their experiences and opinions based on the systematic retrofitting theory of existing residential buildings. Consensus and disagreement analysis of the interview results indicates that the features of OURB include low indoor comfort level and living quality, various preferences from residents, and a lack of incentive policy for retrofitting. Demands of systematic retrofitting of OURB are revealed as improvement of building living comfort and functions, including lift installation, retrofitting of windows and roofs, and winter heating systems. Comparatively, energy conservation and low-carbon careers are not attractive to residents. This research can provide reliable information from authoritative experts to contribute to the future development of systematic retrofitting of OURB and relevant policymaking.
Keywords:residential building; systematic retrofitting; retrofitting feature; retrofitting demand; hot summer and cold winter zone; expert interview