基于正交试验法的光伏屋顶对城区热环境影响分析
Influence analysis of photovoltaic rooftops on urban thermal environment based on orthogonal test method
摘要：
掌握光伏屋顶对城区热环境的影响有助于推动城市光伏的合理应用,促进低碳城市建设。建立了光伏屋顶的传热模型并进行了验证,借助气象研究与预报(WRF)模式和正交试验法,以室外气温、位温变化幅度、屋面热通量为评价指标,分析了光伏组件的表面反照率、安装形式和铺设比例3个因素对城区热环境的影响。结果表明:这3个因素对室外气温和屋面热通量影响显著,影响程度由大到小依次为光伏组件的安装形式、铺设比例、表面反照率。试验条件下最优组合为:贴覆式安装,铺设比例为0.6(民用建筑)和0.9(工业建筑),表面反照率为0.3。该组合较无光伏场景日间和夜间的室外气温可分别降低0.5～0.6 ℃和0.3 ℃,城区热岛效应缓解0.2 ℃。
Abstract：
Understanding the influence of photovoltaic(PV) rooftops on the urban thermal environment will help promote the rational application of urban PV and facilitate the construction of low-carbon cities. A heat transfer model of PV rooftops is established and verified with the help of the weather research and forecasting(WRF) model and orthogonal test method. Taking the outdoor air temperature, potential temperature variation amplitude, and roof heat flux as the evaluation indexes, the influence of three factors, namely surface albedo, installation form, and laying ratio of PV modules, on the urban thermal environment is analysed. The results show that these three factors have a significant influence on the outdoor air temperature and roof heat flux, and the influence degree from large to small is the installation form, laying ratio, and surface albedo of PV modules. Under the test conditions, the optimal combination is as follows: adhesive installation, laying ratio of 0.6 (civil buildings) and 0.9 (industrial buildings), and surface albedo of 0.3. Compared to the scenario without PV installations, this combination can reduce the outdoor air temperature by 0.5 to 0.6 ℃ during daytime and 0.3 ℃ at night, respectively, and mitigate the urban heat island effect by 0.2 ℃.
Keywords:orthogonal test method; photovoltaic (PV) rooftop; photovoltaic (PV) module; surface albedo; installation form; laying ratio; thermal environment