eVTOL飞行器热泵空调系统性能及代偿损失分析
Performance and compensation loss analysis of eVTOL aircraft heat pump air conditioning systems
摘要：
电动垂直起降(electric vertical take-off and landing,eVTOL)飞行器是建立城市空中交通、发展低空经济的重要技术路线之一,但考虑到座舱乘员的热舒适性需求及eVTOL飞行器多变性的飞行场景,空调系统必须在满足性能需求的情况下尽可能减小其总质量。为解决该难题,建立了eVTOL飞行器代偿损失评估方法,综合考虑热力学性能和起飞总质量增加值的影响,对空调系统换热器进行了优化。基于AMESim仿真平台搭建空调系统,研究了换热器质量变化时对空调系统总耗功的影响,结果表明:不改变内外结构的情况下,仅减小换热器质量时,空调系统的总耗功先减小后增大,且室内外温差越大这种趋势越明显;当室外换热器质量为2.00 kg时,相较于原质量3.18 kg,40 ℃时空调系统总耗功下降16%,35 ℃时下降9%,尺寸减小了28%;当室内蒸发器质量为1.00 kg时,相较于原质量2.44 kg,空调系统总耗功下降在5%以内,尺寸减小了60%。
Abstract：
Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is one of the important technical routes for establishing urban air mobility and developing a low-altitude economy. However, considering the thermal comfort needs of the cabin occupants and the variable flight scenarios of the eVTOL aircraft, the air conditioning system must reduce its total mass as much as possible while meeting the performance requirements. In order to solve this problem, an eVTOL aircraft compensation loss assessment method is established, which comprehensively considers the influence of thermodynamic performance and the added value of total take-off mass and optimizes the heat exchanger of the air conditioning system. The air conditioning system is built based on the AMESim simulation platform, and the influence of heat exchanger mass change on the total power consumption of the air conditioning system is studied. The results show that when only the mass of the heat exchanger is reduced without changing the internal and external structure, the total power consumption of the air conditioning system reduces first and then increases, and the larger the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, the more obvious the trend. When the mass of the outdoor heat exchanger is 2.00 kg, compared with the original mass of 3.18 kg, the total power consumption of the air conditioning system decreases by 16% at 40 ℃, 9% at 35 ℃, and the size is reduced by 28%. When the mass of the indoor evaporator is 1.00 kg, compared with the original mass of 2.44 kg, the total power consumption of the air conditioning system decreases by less than 5%, and the size is reduced by 60%.
Keywords:electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft; heat pump; air conditioning system; heat exchanger; AMESim simulation; compensation loss; refrigeration efficiency; mass management