室内渐进和瞬时增压模式对进藏初期人群的短时暴露影响研究
Short-term exposure effects of gradual and instantaneous indoor pressurization modes on people at initial stage of entering Xizang
摘要：
为探究不同室内增压供氧模式对进藏初期人群的暴露影响规律,利用拉萨某增压建筑,通过渐进增压、瞬时增压2种模式营造2 000～3 500 m室内生理等效海拔高度,监测初到高原的9名青年受试者在各海拔高度下短时暴露30 min的血氧饱和度、心率及血压等生理参数的变化规律,并调查高原反应症状和环境主观评价。结果表明:随着室内气压升高,室内氧气质量浓度由0.186 kg/m3升至0.219 kg/m3,受试者逐渐感到呼吸顺畅、心跳平稳,同时焦虑、精神涣散、头晕、头痛等不适症状明显缓解,当生理等效海拔高度降至2 000 m时,有33.3%的受试者表示已完全不需要供氧;受试者心率逐渐降低,血氧饱和度显著升高并恢复到正常水平(≥94%),二者均与等效海拔高度呈幂函数关系,可作为增压供氧环境干预下人体生理响应的敏感指标。与渐进增压模式相比,瞬时增压模式缓解气短的主观效果更强,但会引起短暂的心率升高和头痛。可见,增压建筑可显著缓解进藏初期人群的主观和生理不适,且采用阶梯式渐进增压模式的短期暴露效果更佳。
Abstract：
To investigate the short-term exposure effects of different indoor pressurization oxygen supply modes on people at the initial stage of entering Xizang,the indoor physiologically equivalent altitudes in a range from 2 000 to 3 500 m are established in a pressurization building located in Lhasa through two modes of gradual pressurization and instantaneous pressurization.The changes of physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation,heart rate,and blood pressure of 9 young subjects who have just arrived at the plateau are monitored after short-term exposure for 30 min at various altitudes,and the symptoms of altitude sickness and the environmental subjective evaluation are investigated.The results show that with the increase of indoor air pressure,the indoor oxygen concentration increases from 0.186 kg/m3to 0.219 kg/m3,and the subjects gradually feel smooth breathing and stable heartbeat,while anxiety,mental sluggishness,dizziness,headache,and other uncomfortable symptoms are significantly alleviated,and when the physiological equivalent altitude drops to 2 000 m,33.3% of the subjects say that they do not need oxygen supply at all.The heart rates of the subjects gradually decrease,and the blood oxygen saturations increase significantly and return to the normal level (≥94%),both of which are related to the equivalent altitude as a power function,which could be used as sensitive indicators of human physiological response under the intervention of pressurization oxygen supply.Compared with the gradual pressurization mode,the instantaneous pressurization mode exhibits better subjective responses in alleviating shortness of breath but causes minor fluctuations in heart rate and headache.It can be seen that the pressurization building can significantly alleviate the subjective and physiological discomfort of people at the initial stage of entering Xizang,and the short-term exposure effect of the progressive gradual pressurization mode is better.
Keywords:people at initial stage of entering Xizang; pressurization building; pressurization mode; equivalent altitude; blood oxygen saturation; short-term exposure; symptoms of altitude sickness; environmental subjective evaluation