光伏、光热与空气源热泵热水系统碳减排特性仿真与实测
Simulation and measurement for carbon reduction characteristics of photovoltaic,solar thermal,and air-source heat pump hot water systems
摘要：
我国生活热水供热品质、使用量逐步提升,其能耗在建筑节能发展过程中占比突显。为比较太阳能热利用、光伏电加热及空气源热泵热水系统的碳减排特性,本文建立了各类系统的性能化设计模型,并会同国家级检测中心开展了实测验证,分析了系统碳减排特性与室外环境温度、太阳辐照资源及运行控制策略的相关性。结果表明:严寒、寒冷地区低温环境显著影响太阳能集热保温和空气源热泵蒸发工况,在Ⅱ类太阳能资源区太阳能热水系统碳减排贡献更大;夏热冬冷、夏热冬暖地区空气源热泵性能最优,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类太阳能资源区受归一化温差影响,太阳能热利用时长和稳定性不及光伏电加热热水系统;光伏电加热热水系统受光伏组件效率影响,能源利用率不及太阳能热水系统,但通过增加光伏装机容量获得的节能收益提升最为显著。
Abstract：
Domestic hot water heating quality and usage are improving in China,with energy consumption playing a prominent role in building energy conservation development.Various models have been established and tested jointly with national testing centers to compare the carbon reduction performance of solar thermal,photovoltaic,and air-source heat pump (ASHP) hot water systems.The correlation between the carbon reduction characteristics of the systems and the outdoor temperature,radiation and operating control strategies has been analysed.The results indicate that the low temperature in severe cold zone and cold zone significantly affects the solar thermal insulation and ASHP evaporation conditions,and the carbon reduction contribution of the solar thermal system is greater in Class II solar resource areas.The performance of ASHP is optimal in mainly hot summer zones,however the utilization and stability of the solar thermal system are not superior as the photovoltaic system in Class II and III solar resource areas,affected by the normalized temperature difference.The photovoltaic system is constrained by the module efficiency,resulted in the lower energy utilization efficiency than the solar thermal system,but will achieve a significant improvement by increasing photovoltaic installation capacity.
Keywords:domestic hot water; solar energy; photovoltaic; air-source heat pump; carbon emission