夏热冬冷地区居住建筑基于热舒适与热健康的室内运行温度分析
Analysis of indoor operation temperature based on thermal comfort and thermal health for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone
摘要：
对人体热舒适和热健康概念进行了辨析,对基于热舒适和热健康的评价方法和温度评价参数进行了简要介绍。温度评价参数包括热中性温度、可接受温度和耐受温度。本文根据相关文献统计了夏热冬冷地区的热中性温度和可接受温度,其中城市夏季热中性温度为24.3～28.3 ℃,可接受温度的范围为24.2～31.6 ℃;城市冬季热中性温度为15.4～26.5 ℃,可接受温度的范围为10.0～29.7 ℃;农村夏季热中性温度为25.6～29.8 ℃,可接受温度的范围为21.8～31.6 ℃;农村冬季热中性温度为9.8～15.5 ℃,可接受温度的范围为4.95～26.00 ℃。本文同时总结了关于耐受温度的研究,主要针对18～65岁的健康无疾病的普通人群,该群体的室内热耐受温度为28～32 ℃,室内冷耐受温度为10～14 ℃。老年人的冷耐受温度高一些,为14～18 ℃。通过对室内温度参数的调研分析,为夏热冬冷地区居住建筑的热舒适和热健康温度设计提供参考。
Abstract：
The concepts of human thermal comfort and thermal health are identified, and the evaluation methods and temperature evaluation parameters based on thermal comfort and thermal health are briefly described. The temperature evaluation parameters include thermal neutral temperature, acceptable temperature and tolerance temperature. In this study, the thermal neutral temperature and the acceptable temperature in the hot summer and cold winter zone are investigated by relevant literature. The thermal neutral temperature ranges from 24.3 ℃ to 28.3 ℃, and the acceptable temperature ranges from 24.2 ℃ to 31.6 ℃ in urban areas in summer. The thermal neutral temperature ranges from 15.4 ℃ to 26.5 ℃, and the acceptable temperature ranges from 10.0 ℃ to 29.7 ℃ in urban areas in winter. The thermal neutral temperature ranges from 25.6 ℃ to 29.8 ℃, and the acceptable temperature ranges from 21.8 ℃ to 31.6 ℃ in rural areas in summer. The thermal neutral temperature ranges from 9.8 ℃ to 15.5 ℃, and the acceptable temperature ranges from 4.95 ℃ to 26.00 ℃ in rural areas in winter. Besides, this study summarizes the range of tolerance temperature, focusing primarily on the healthy and disease-free individuals aged 18 to 65 years old. For this group, the indoor thermal tolerance temperature is 28 ℃ to 32 ℃, and the indoor cold tolerance temperature is 10 ℃ to 14 ℃. However, the cold tolerance temperature of the elderly should be higher, ranging from 14 ℃ to 18 ℃. Through the analysis and the investigation of indoor temperature parameters, it can provide a reference for the temperature design of thermal comfort and thermal health of residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone.
Keywords:thermal comfort; thermal health; residential building; thermal neutral temperature; acceptable temperature; tolerance temperature; hot summer and cold winter zone