Abstract：

Buildings play a crucial role in mitigating the strain on the power grid supply-demand balance through their stable interaction and responsiveness to grid demands. However, there is still deficient for the grid-friendly operation evaluation methods of buildings applicable to time-of-use electricity price scenarios, and the key influencing factors affecting building friendly operation remain ambiguous. This paper proposes an operation evaluation method applicable to time-of-use electricity price scenarios, including the friendly electricity indicator, the friendly power indicator and the friendly comprehensive evaluation indicator, and presents a grid-friendly building scheduling optimization framework for supporting the identification of key influencing factors of system-friendly operation. The contributions of distributed photovoltaic power generation, active energy storage devices, and passive building virtual energy storage to building operation friendliness are analysed based on typical cases. The findings from the case study demonstrate a notable 12.61% reduction in operational costs achieved through the comprehensive utilization of these three flexible resources. Furthermore, the utilization of building-side flexible resources effectively enhances the grid-friendly operation of buildings, with active energy storage devices exhibiting the most pronounced contribution. The proposed evaluation indicators and analysis outcomes presented in this paper offer valuable guidance for the design and widespread adoption of grid-friendly buildings.

Keywords:grid-friendly building; evaluation indicator; scheduling optimization; influencing factor; demand response; energy storage; distributed photovoltaic power generation