上海地区住宅供暖空调能耗水平及其影响因素
Energy consumption levels and influencing factors of residential heating and air conditioning in Shanghai
摘要：
通过问卷调研和现场测试,分析了上海地区居住建筑的空调和供暖设备数量及使用比例、居民的使用习惯、能耗水平及室内热舒适性,讨论了空调能耗随时间变化趋势及原因。结果显示:近十几年来上海地区居住建筑的户均空调数量稳步增加,2022年已达3.5台/户,热泵型空调是最常用的供暖设备,2022年在供暖设备中占比高达87%;空调供暖和燃气+地暖的能耗和室内舒适性差异明显,空调制冷、空调供暖、燃气+地暖的平均能耗分别为6.8、4.7、17.4 kW·h/(m2·a),燃气+地暖的室内热舒适性评价相对较高;从2008年至2022年,人员的舒适性偏好提高,经济性偏好降低,空调和供暖能耗上升趋势明显。
Abstract：
Through a questionnaire survey and on-site testing, the number and usage ratio of air conditioning and heating equipment, residents’ usage habits, energy consumption levels and indoor thermal comfort in residential buildings in Shanghai are analysed, and the trend and reasons for air conditioning energy consumption over time are discussed. The results show that the average number of air conditioners per household in residential buildings in Shanghai has steadily increased over the past ten years, and has reached 3.5 units per household in 2022. Heat pump-type air conditioners are the most commonly used heating equipment, accounting for 87% of the heating equipment in 2022. There are obvious differences in energy consumption and indoor comfort between the air conditioner heating and the gas plus radiant floor heating. The average energy consumption of air conditioner cooling, air conditioner heating, and gas plus radiant floor heating is 6.8, 4.7, 17.4 kWh/(m2·a), respectively. The indoor thermal comfort of the gas plus radiant floor heating is relatively better. From 2008 to 2022, the comfort preference of the personnel increases, the economic preference decreases, and the energy consumption of air conditioning and heating has a clear upward trend.
Keywords:heating; air conditioning; gas plus radiant floor heating; energy consumption; residence; influencing factor; usage habit; thermal comfort