人员密集建筑室内空气真菌污染特征及其健康风险
Pollution characteristics and health risks of indoor airborne fungi in densely populated buildings
摘要：
室内空气中真菌是人员密集建筑室内环境的主要污染物之一,且是呼吸道、过敏性及传染性疾病不可忽视的源头。本研究使用6级撞击式空气微生物采样器收集图书馆建筑和医疗建筑室内空气中的真菌样本,定量化评估室内空气中真菌浓度和粒径分布特征及评价室内人员的健康风险。结果表明:图书馆建筑和医疗建筑的室内空气中真菌浓度分别为(731±262) CFU/m3和(1 516±633)CFU/m3,均超过了WHO规定的浓度限值(500 CFU/m3),且医疗建筑室内空气中真菌浓度超过了ACGIH规定的浓度限值(1 000 CFU/m3),存在严重的空气真菌污染问题;图书馆建筑和医疗建筑室内空气中真菌粒径最大值均分布在2.1～3.3 μm,室内空气中真菌可吸入部分(<4.7 μm)的比例分别高达85%和93%。健康风险评价结果表明,男员工和男医生暴露于最高的室内空气真菌水平。
Abstract：
Indoor airborne fungi are one of the main pollutants in the indoor environment of densely populated buildings, and are the source of respiratory tract, allergic and infectious diseases that cannot be ignored. This study uses six-stage impact airborne microorganism samplers to collect indoor airborne fungal samples from the library building and the medical building, quantitatively assess the concentration and particle size distribution characteristics of indoor airborne fungi, and evaluate the health risks of indoor personnel. The results show that the indoor airborne fungal concentrations in the library building and the medical building are (731±262) CFU/m3and (1 516±633) CFU/m3, respectively, which both exceed the concentration limit of 500 CFU/m3prescribed by WHO, and the concentration of the indoor airborne fungi in the medical building also exceeds the concentration limit of 1 000 CFU/m3prescribed by ACGIH, indicating a serious airborne fungal pollution. The maximum particle size of indoor airborne fungi in the library building and the medical building all ranges from 2.1 to 3.3 μm, and the proportion of inhalable indoor airborne fungi (<4.7 μm) is as high as 85% and 93%, respectively. The health risk assessment results indicate that male employees and male doctors are exposed to the highest levels of indoor airborne fungi.
Keywords:densely populated building; indoor air quality; fungus; concentration level; particle size characteristic; health risk