温度突变下人体热反应的实验研究
Experimental study on human thermal response under temperature step change
摘要：
利用人工气候室模拟了不同季节对应的9种温度突变工况,对24名受试者开展了中性→热(冷)→中性往返式温度突变对人体热反应影响的实验研究,得到了环境温度发生突变时人体生理反应、主观反应及全身热负荷的变化规律。研究发现:在各突变工况下,主观反应变化超前于生理反应变化;突变前后人体生理和心理反应出现不对称现象;在热→中性突变工况下人体出现“冷感超越”,通过分析实验过程中人体各项散热量的变化规律,发现“冷感超越”的原因是皮肤蒸发散热量显著增大进而导致人体总散热量远大于产热量。温度突变动态环境中的热感觉与平均皮肤温度及其变化率均呈线性关系,得到了基于皮肤温度的热感觉预测模型。将人体热负荷及其变化量引入热感觉预测模型中,得到了基于热负荷的热感觉预测模型。PMV模型、基于皮肤温度的热感觉预测模型、基于热负荷的热感觉预测模型的对比显示,基于热负荷的预测模型能够更好地预测温度突变环境下的人体热感觉。
Abstract：
The effects of neutral-hot (cold)-neutral temperature change on human thermal response are studied in 24 subjects by simulating 9 kinds of temperature step change conditions corresponding to different seasons in an artificial climate chamber, and the changes of physiological and subjective responses and whole body thermal load are obtained. It is found that the change of subjective response is ahead of the change of physiological response under different step change conditions. The physiological and psychological responses of the human body are asymmetrical before and after the step change. In the hot-neutral step change condition, the human body appears cold sensation overshooting. By analysing the change law of the various heat dissipation of the human body during the experiment, it is found that the reason for cold sensation overshooting is that the skin evaporative heat dissipation increases significantly, resulting in the total heat dissipation of the human body is much larger than the heat production. The thermal sensation in the dynamic environment of temperature step change has a linear relationship with the average skin temperature and its change rate, and a thermal sensation prediction model based on skin temperature is obtained. The thermal sensation prediction model based on thermal load is obtained by introducing human thermal load and its variation into the model. The comparison of PMV model, thermal sensation prediction model based on skin temperature and thermal sensation prediction model based on thermal load shows that the prediction model based on thermal load could better predict the human thermal sensation in the temperature step change environment.
Keywords:temperature step change; thermal response; thermal sensation; skin temperature; human thermal load; thermal sensation prediction model