碳中和城市建筑能源系统（4）：储能篇
Building energy system of carbon neutrality cities（4）: Energy storage
摘要：
本文是碳中和城市建筑能源系统系列文章的第四篇。在碳中和语境下，无论是增加可再生能源应用的渗透率，还是平抑负荷、提高电网的灵活性，都离不开储能。本文介绍了当今储能技术的主要类型，即电力、电化学、机械、化学和热储能。重点介绍了与建筑和区域能源系统有关的储能技术。提出了用于第5代区域供热供冷系统（能源总线系统）的季节性热储能的概念性方案，并对在能源总线系统规划中如何考量储能应用提出了建议。指出在全球气候变化背景下结合热泵的应用，季节性热储能技术应是今后关注的重点。
Abstract：
This article is the fourth in a series of articles on the building energy system of carbon neutrality cities. In the context of carbon neutrality, the energy storage technology is indispensable for increasing the penetration of renewable energy applications, leveling loads and improving the flexibility of the grid. This article introduces the main types of energy storage technology today, namely electricity, electrochemical, mechanical, chemical and thermal energy storage. The emphasis on energy storage technology related to buildings and district energy systems is introduced. A conceptual scheme of seasonal thermal energy storage for the 5th generation district heating and cooling system (energy bus system, Ebus) is presented. Suggestions are made on how to consider energy storage applications in the Ebus planning. It is pointed out that in the context of global climate change, combined with the application of heat pumps, seasonal thermal energy storage technology should be the focus of attention in the future.
Keywords:carbonneutrality;energystorage;5thgenerationdistrictheatingandcoolingsystem(5GDHC);energybus(Ebus);seasonalthermalenergystorage