西安地区老年人热适应研究
Adaptive thermal comfort of the elderly in Xi’an
摘要：
为全面掌握西安地区老年人不同气候条件下热舒适规律与需求，以4家养老机构60岁以上健康老年人为研究对象，采取热舒适现场主观问卷与客观物理环境测试的方法，获取冬季、过渡季和夏季老年人热感觉、热可接受度及室内外热环境参数等指标，回收843份有效问卷，通过统计学相关分析发现：过渡季老年人服装调节及热感觉随温度变化最敏感；冬季、过渡季和夏季中性温度依次为19.4、22.6、23.1 ℃，全年中性温度为20.3 ℃；80%和90%可接受温度范围分别为13.8～30.5 ℃和17.2～27.0 ℃；建立的热适应模型与ASHRAE 55和西安地区青年人模型存在显著差异，且温度越高，这种差异越大，这是老年人心理、生理及行为适应3种方式综合作用的结果。研究成果可为我国寒冷地区老年人居住建筑室内热环境设计标准制定提供参考。
Abstract：
To derive deeper insight into thermal comfort and demands of the elderly in different climate conditions in Xi’an, the authors survey healthy elderly people over 60 years old and adopt field study methods of subjective questionnaire of thermal comfort and objective physical environment tests. The research is carried out in winter, transitional season and summer, and obtains 843 valid questionnaires, including the main information on human thermal sensation, thermal acceptability, and indoor and outdoor thermal environment parameters. Through statistical analysis methods, the authors find that the clothing regulation and thermal sensation in the transitional season are the most sensitive with temperature changes. The neutral temperatures in winter, transitional season and summer are 19.4 ℃, 22.6 ℃ and 23.1 ℃, respectively, and 20.3 ℃ for the whole year. 80% and 90% acceptable temperature ranges are 13.8 to 30.5 ℃ and 17.2 to 27.0 ℃. The established adaptive thermal comfort model for the elderly in Xi’an is significantly different with that in ASHRAE 55 and the youth’s model in Xi’an, which shows the higher the temperature, the greater the difference between them. The result is determined by the particularity of psychological, physiological and behavioral adaptation of the elderly. The findings can provide a reference for establishing the design standard of indoor thermal environment for residential buildings of the elderly in cold zone of China.
Keywords:thermal adaptation; the elderly; thermal sensation; thermal acceptability; adaptive thermal comfort model; Xi’an