地铁车站排热系统排风组分及排热效果的数值模拟研究
Numerical simulation on exhaust components and heat removal effect of heat exhaust systems in underground railway stations
摘要：
以某标准地铁车站为研究对象，采用CFD软件对列车停站期间的轨底和轨顶排热温度进行了模拟计算，研究发现：从轨排风组分看，轨顶排风中来自冷凝器排风、隧道空气及站内空气的比例分别为66%、11%和23%，轨底排风中来自冷凝器排风、隧道空气及站内空气的比例分别为3%、42%和55%，轨底排风来自站内空气的比例超过50%，会造成站内冷量的浪费，甚至会出现轨底排风温度低于隧道空气温度的情况；从排热效果看，列车顶部空调冷凝器的散热量被轨顶和轨底分别排走22%和1%，列车底部电阻箱和闸瓦的散热量被轨顶和轨底分别排走5%和29%，排热系统的排热效果较差。根据模拟结果、理论散热量及实测温度等参数，计算得到轨顶和轨底平均排风温度，并与实测数据进行了对比，计算值与实测值基本一致，验证了模拟计算的准确性。
Abstract：
Taking a standard underground railway station as the research object, this paper uses CFD software to simulate and calculate the heat exhaust temperatures at the bottom and top of the rail during the period of train stop. It is found that from the perspective of exhaust components, the proportion of the air exhaust at the rail top (OTE) from condensers, tunnel and station is 66%, 11% and 23%, respectively, and the proportion of the air exhaust at the rail bottom (UPE) is 3%, 42% and 55%, respectively. The proportion of UPE from the station is more than 50%, which will cause a waste of cooling capacity in the station, and even lead to the situation that the temperature of UPE is lower than the air temperature in the tunnel. From the perspective of heat exhaust effect, the heat emission of the condenser at the train top is discharged by 22% and 1% respectively by OTE and UPE, the heat emission of the resistance box and the brake shoe at the bottom of the train is discharged by 5% and 29% respectively by OTE and UPE, and the heat removal effect of the heat exhaust system is poor. According to the simulation results, theoretical heat dissipation, measured temperature and other parameters, the average exhaust air temperatures of OTE and UPE are calculated and compared with the measured data, and it is found that the calculated values are basically consistent with the measured values, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation calculation.
Keywords:undergroundrailwaystation;heatexhaustsystem;exhaustaircomponent;heatexhausteffect;airexhaustatrailtop;airexhaustatrailbottom;condenser