寒冷环境下冰雪运动观赛人员热舒适需求分析
Analysis on thermal comfort demand of ice and snow sports spectators in cold environment
摘要：
在冰雪场馆（地）观赛时，观赛人群在寒冷环境下经历长时间冷暴露会导致冷不适感和产生健康风险，确定观赛人群的热舒适需求是改善其热舒适、保障良好观赛体验的基础和关键。通过问卷调研和场馆观赛区现场实测，了解了冰雪运动的观众特点和观赛区热舒适现状。调研测试结果表明，我国冰雪运动现场观众的保暖意识较为薄弱，80%以上的观赛人员全身和身体局部均有明显的冷不适感。通过在模拟观赛场景下开展真人受试者实验，得到了观赛人群在低温冷暴露下的热舒适特征和身体各部位的改善需求，为雪上运动场馆的观赛热舒适改善方案设计提供了依据。
Abstract：
When watching winter games in an ice and snow venue or place, the spectators who are in the cold environment for long time will bear cold discomfort and health risks. Determining the thermal comfort needs of the spectators is the basis and key to improve their thermal comfort and ensure a good watching experience. Through the questionnaire survey and field measurement in the viewing area of the venue, the audience characteristics of ice and snow sports and the current situation of thermal comfort in the viewing area are understood. The survey and test results show that the audience’s awareness of keeping warm in China is relatively weak, and more than 80% of the spectators have obvious cold discomfort in the whole body and parts of the body. Through the experiment of real persons in the simulated watching scene, the thermal comfort characteristics of the watching crowd under low temperature and cold exposure and the improvement needs of various parts of the body are obtained, which provides a basis for the design of the watching thermal comfort improvement scheme of snow sports venues.
Keywords:Olympic Winter Games venue; low temperature environment; thermal comfort; cold exposure; ice and snow sports; spectator