机械加工车间油雾颗粒浓度分布实测研究
Field measurement of oil mist particle concentration distribution in machining workshops
摘要：
为评估机械加工车间油雾颗粒浓度的暴露水平，选取了3种不同工艺（干加工、湿加工、湿加工伴随热处理）的汽车组件厂房进行现场实测，研究生产工艺产生的油雾颗粒的浓度分布特性。结果表明：3个车间作业区域总悬浮颗粒物质量浓度分别为0.558、0.799、0.739 mg/m3；3个车间颗粒物平均粒径分别为6.4、5.9、5.8 μm；机床单轴油雾质量散发量为283.47～335.26 mg/(轴·h)，单位面积油雾散发量为4.90～5.29 mg/(m2·h)；全面通风结合同机床相连的局部排风的效果好于单独的机床上方2 m处设置局部排风的方式；湿加工和热处理的颗粒粒径比干加工的颗粒粒径小。
Abstract：
In order to evaluate the exposure level of oil mist particle concentration in the machining workshop, the article selects three different processes (dry processing, wet processing, wet processing with heat treatment) of the automotive component workshops for on-site measurements, and studies the concentration distribution characteristics of oil mist particles produced by the production process. The results show that the concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the three workshop operation areas is 0.558, 0.799, 0.739 mg/m3, respectively. The average particle size of the particulate matter in three workshops is about 6.4, 5.9, 5.8 μm, respectively. The mass emission rate of the machine bed shaft is 283.47 to 335.26 mg/(axis·h), and the emission rate per unit area is 4.90 to 5.29 mg/(m2·h). The combined effect of comprehensive ventilation and local exhaust connected to the machine tool is better than the local exhaust mode set 2 m above the separate machine tool. The particle size of oil mist in wet processing and heat treatment is smaller than that in dry processing.
Keywords:workshop; machining production technology; oil mist particle; concentration; emission rate; particle size distribution; comprehensive ventilation; local exhaust