寒冷地区超低能耗住宅适用热泵特征
Characteristics of heat pump suitable for ultra-low energy residences in cold zone
摘要：
超低能耗住宅具有高保温性与气密性，能显著降低空调供热能耗，是实现建筑节能的重要技术途径。采用被动式技术的超低能耗住宅与普通住宅的负荷特征不同，因此，按照传统方法设计和选型的热泵装置无法与超低能耗住宅的负荷匹配，成为超低能耗住宅的能源漏洞，发展适用于超低能耗住宅的热泵系统至关重要。以寒冷地区的典型城市北京为例，在模拟分析超低能耗住宅冷热负荷特征的基础上，分析与之相适应的热泵系统的特征。研究发现：超低能耗住宅的冷负荷是建筑负荷的主要部分，相比普通住宅，超低能耗住宅更易采用统一热泵设备满足全年供热与制冷的需求，且热泵的换热器宜按照制冷工况设计。
Abstract：
With high thermal insulation and air tightness, the ultra-low energy residence can significantly reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling, which is an important technical routine to realize building energy conservation. The passive technology makes the load characteristics of ultra-low energy residence are different from that of the common house. Therefore, the traditionally designed and sized heat pump cannot make the energy consumption of the active system to be minimized, which is the leak point of energy in ultra-low energy residences. It is very important to develop the heat pump suitable for ultra-low energy residences. Taking Beijing, a typical city in cold zone in China, for example, this paper analyses the characteristics of the heat pump system based on the simulation result of the building load of the ultra-low energy residence. The results indicate that the cooling load of ultra-low energy residence is the main part of the building load. Compared with the conventional residence, the ultra-low energy residence is more likely to use unified heat pump to meet year-round heating and cooling demands. Moreover, the heat exchangers of heat pump should be designed according to the refrigeration condition.
Keywords:ultra low energy residence; passive house; nearly zero energy building; all in one outdoor air heat pump; heat recovery; efficient ventilation; cold zone