寒冷地区春季地铁车厢出行者适应性热舒适研究
Adaptive thermal comfort of underground railway coach travelers in cold zone in spring
摘要：
对寒冷地区代表城市西安地铁4号线车厢开展了春季热舒适现场调查研究，探讨了出行者对地铁车厢热环境的主观感受和适应特性。遴选了出行者，测试了环境参数，包括空气温度、黑球温度、相对湿度及风速，进行了主观问卷调查。结果显示：西安地铁车厢的热中性温度为18.9 ℃，适中的相对湿度和风速分别为67%和0.66 m/s；出行者期望的温度、相对湿度及风速分别为20.1 ℃、68.9%和0.72 m/s；春季出行者期望地铁车厢温度降低，相对湿度和风速增大；对比春季西安自然通风建筑，发现二者的温度敏感度接近；对比春季长春地铁车厢，发现人群的温度敏感度和热中性温度有差异,这可能与地域室外气候有关；西安地铁车厢内的中性温度低于西安自然通风建筑中的中性温度，表明人们对短期热暴露场所的温度容忍度较高。
Abstract：
Carries out a thermal comfort field investigation in the coaches of Metro Line 4 in spring in Xi’an, a representative city of the cold zone, and explores the subjective feelings and adapting characteristics of the thermal environment of underground railway coaches. Selects the travelers, tests the environmental parameters including air temperature, black ball temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, and makes the subjective questionnaires. The results show that the thermal neutral temperature of Xi’an underground railway coaches is 18.9 ℃, the moderate relative humidity and wind speed is 67% and 0.66 m/s, respectively, while the expected temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of the travelers is 20.1 ℃, 68.9% and 0.72 m/s, respectively. The travelers expect the temperature of the coaches to decrease, and the relative humidity and wind speed to increase in spring. Compared with the natural ventilation buildings in Xi’an in spring, their temperature sensitivities are close. Compared with the underground railway coaches in Changchun in spring, there are differences in temperature sensitivity and thermal neutral temperature of the travelers, which may be related to the regional outdoor climate. The neutral temperature in underground railway coaches is lower than that in naturally ventilated buildings in Xi’an, indicating that people have a higher temperature tolerance in short-term heat exposure locations.
Keywords:coldzone,undergroundrailwaycoach,traveler,adaptability,thermalcomfort,thermalneutraltemperature