Establishment and application of reward-penalty mechanism for zero-energy photovoltaic grid-connected buildings

 In the development of zero-energy buildings, the investment cost of renewable energy system is one of the most important factors concerned by building users. Establishes a reward-penalty mechanism for an individual building to promote the building to achieve the annual zero-energy consumption target, while ensuring that the buildings with high integration of renewable energy systems can obtain better economic benefits. Analyses the benefits of building users through three schemes and verifies the application effectiveness of the reward-penalty mechanism. The results show that the lower the level of zero-energy consumption, the higher the total cost of construction. The building users who choose a higher level of zero-energy consumption can get considerable bonuses. Through case analysis, finds that the proposed reward-penalty function is suitable for the buildings with energy consumption level between 0.8 to 1.8, and the error indexes are all less than 6%.